отчет Министерства юстиции, негативно относится к доказательствам в виде следов укусов. См. “
Relevant Cases: William Richards”, California Innocence Project, n. d., https://californiainnocenceproject.org/issues-we-face/bite-mark-evidence; Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Science Community; Committee on Science, Technology, and Law Policy and Global Affairs; Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences; and National Research Council of the National Academies,
Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2009), доступно по ссылке www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228091.pdf.
Заявление Кимберли Дж. Дель Греко перед Комитетом палаты представителей по надзору и правительственной реформе, 22 марта 2017 г., www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/law-enforcements-use-of-facial-recognition-technology.
Matt Wood, “Thoughts on Machine Learning Accuracy”, AWS News Blog, July 27, 2018, https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/thoughts-on-machine-learning-accuracy.
Joy Buolamwini, Timrit Gebru, “Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification”, Proceedings of Machine Learning Research 81 (2018): 77–91.
Набор данных “Разнообразие в лицах”, опубликованный 29 января 2019 года. См. John R. Smith, “IBM Research Releases ‘Diversity in Faces’ Dataset to Advance Study of Fairness in Facial Recognition Systems”, IBM, January 29, 2019, www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2019/01/diversity-in-faces.
Steve Lohr, “Facial Recognition Is Accurate, if You’re a White Guy”, New York Times, February 9, 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/02/09/technology/facial-recognition-race-artificial-intelligence.html.
Patrick Grother, Mei Ngan, Kayee Hanaoka, “Ongoing Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT). Part 2: Identification”, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 8238, National Institute of Standards and Technology, November 2018, https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/NIST.IR.8238.pdf.
Patrick Grother, Mei Ngan, and Kayee Hanaoka, “Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT). Part 3: Demographic Effects”, NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) 8280, National Institute of Standards and Technology, December 2019, https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2019/NIST.IR.8280.pdf.
“Using Facial Recognition Systems”, Washington County Sheriff’s Office (Oregon), Policy #808-R03, effective January 4, 2019, www.co.washington.or.us/Sheriff/Policies/800/upload/808-R03-FINAL-Using-Facial-Recognition-Systems-01-04-19.pdf.
James O’Neill, “How Facial Recognition Makes You Safer”, New York Times, June 9, 2019; “Patrol Guide”, New York City Police Department, March 12, 2020, www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/nypd-facial-recognition-patrol-guide.pdf.
Принадлежит Мете, которая признана экстремистской на территории РФ.
Clare Garvie, “Garbage In, Garbage Out: Facial Recognition on Flawed Data”, Georgetown Law, Center on Privacy and Technology, May 16, 2019, www.flawedface data.com.
Drew Harwell, “FBI, ICE Find State Driver’s License Photos Are a Gold Mine for Facial-Recognition Searches”, Washington Post, July 7, 2019, www.wash- ingtonpost.com/technology/2019/07/07/fbi-ice-find-state-drivers-license-photos-are-gold-mine-facial-recognition-searches.
Drew Harwell, Erin Cox, “ICE Has Run Facial-Recognition Searches on Millions of Maryland Drivers”, Washington Post, February 26, 2020, www.washington post.com/technology/2020/02/26/ice-has-run-facial-recognition-searches-millions-maryland-drivers.
Можно перевести как Вечная шеренга для опознания. – Прим. пер.
Clare Garvie, Alvaro Bedoya, Jonathan Frankle, “The Perpetual Line-Up: Unregulated Police Face Recognition in America”, Georgetown Law, Center on Privacy and Technology, October 18, 2016, www.perpetuallineup.org.
“In Your Face: China’s All-Seeing State”, BBC, December 10, 2017, www.bbc.com/news/av/world-asia-china-42248056/in-your-face-china-s-all-seeing-state.
Clare Garvie, Laura M. Moy, “America Under Watch: Face Surveillance in the United States”, Georgetown Law, Center on Privacy and Technology, May 16, 2019, www.americaunderwatch.com.
Dave Gershgorn, “Exclusive: Live Facial-Recognition Is Coming to U. S. Police Body Cameras”, OneZero, March 4, 2020, https://onezero.medium.com/exclusive-live-facial-recognition-is-coming-to-u-s-police-body-cameras-bc9036918ae0.
Директива 307.5 отдела полиции Детройта, одобренная 12 сентября 2019 г.
Allie Gross, Ross Jones, “New Rules over Facial Recognition Approved, but Distrust and Confusion Remain”, WXYS News, September 20, 2019, www.wxyz.com/news/local-news/investigations/new-rules-over-facial-recognition-approved-but-distrust-and-confusion-remain.
Принадлежит Мете, которая признана экстремистской на территории РФ.
Дело Патель против Facebook[19], Inc., № 18–15982 (9 декабря 2019 года).
Нейтральный номер ссылки: [2019] EWHC 2341 (Admin), дело №: CO/4085/2018, решение принято 4 сентября 2019 года.
Дело Карпентер против Соединенных Штатов, № 16–402, 585 U.S. ____ (2018).
Matt Cagle, Nicole Ozer, “Amazon Teams Up with Government to Deploy Dangerous New Facial Recognition Technology”, American Civil Liberties Union, May 22, 2018, www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/amazon-teams-government-deploy-dangerous-new.
Michael Punke, “Some Thoughts on Facial Recognition Legislation”, AWS Machine Learning Blog, February 7, 2019, https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/machine-learning/some-thoughts-on-facial-recognition-legislation.
“First Report of the Axon AI & Policing Technology Ethics Board”, June 2019, https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58a33e881b631bc60d4f8b31/t/5d13d7e1990c4f00014c0aeb/1561581540954/Axon_Ethics_Board_First_Report.pdf.
Robin Emmott, “Mexico’s Ciudad Juarez, the World’s Most Violent City?” Reuters, August 28, 2009, http://blogs.reuters.com/global/2009/08/28/violent-ciudad-juarez.
Таблица 1. Количество, процент и общий показатель убийств в разбивке по полу, расе / этнической принадлежности и возрастной группе – National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2007 and 2009, // Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, “Homicides – United States, 2007 and 2009”, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Supplements 62, no. 3 (November 22, 2013), www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a28.htm#Tab1; Francesca Mirabile, Daniel Nass, “What’s the Homicide Capital of America? Murder Rates in U. S. Cities, Ranked”, The Trace, October 1, 2019, www.thetrace.org/2018/04/highest-murder-rates-us-cities-list.
Эти биографические подробности и большая часть последующего обсуждения взяты из моего разговора с Россом Макнаттом.
Sarah Ryley, Jeremy Singer-Vine, Sean Campbell, “Shoot Someone in a Major City, and Odds Are You’ll Get Away with It”, The Trace, January 24, 2019, www.thetrace.org/features/murder-solve-rate-gun-violence-baltimore-shootings.
Dan Gettinger, “Public Safety Drones, 3rd ed.”, Center for the Study of the Drone at Bard College, March 2020, https://dronecenter.bard.edu/files/2020/03/CSD-Public-Safety-Drones-3rd-Edition-Web.pdf.
Федеральные авиационные правила, 14 CFR. Часть 107 – Малые беспилотные авиационные системы.
Дело Флорида против Райли, 488 U.S. 445 (1989).
Дело Калифорния против Чираоло, 476, U.S. 207 (1986).
Дело Соединенные Штаты против Коусби, 328 U.S. 256 (1946).
Я присутствовал на этой конференции и видел выступление Фрейзера.
Maria Valdovinos,
