365
Robert Dallek, Flawed Giant: Lyndon Johnson and His Times, 1961–1973 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 53; Abram Chayes to McGeorge Bundy, «International Law Problems of Blockade,» September 10, 1962, JFKL; «Briefing Paper for President’s Press Conference — Subject: NATO Shipping and Cuban Trade,» September 13, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 10; «The President’s News Conference,» September 13, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 674–75; Elie Abel, The Missile Crisis (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1966), pp. 6–80.
366
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 13.
367
Ibid., pp. 12–15.
368
Graham Allison, Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971), p. 57. См. также Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 544; Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 20; Sorensen, Kennedy, p. 675.
369
Hunt, Crises in U. S. Foreign Policy, pp. 257–58.
370
Заседения ExComm записывались на магнитофон и впоследствии были опубликованы. О записи знал только президент.
371
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 36.
372
Ibid., p. 44.
373
Ibid., p. 115; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 48–51.
374
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 123–25.
375
Ibid., p. 122.
376
Ibid., p. 124.
377
Ibid.
378
Allison, Essence of Decision, p. 61; Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 84–85.
379
Washington Post, October 21, 1962.
380
«Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba,» October 22, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 806–9.
381
«Proclamation 3504: Interdiction of the Delivery of Offensive Weapons to Cuba,» October 23, 1962, pp. 809–10, JFKL.
382
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 397.
383
Washington Post, October 23, 24, 1962; New York Times, October 23–28, 1962; Time, November 2, 1962; Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, «One Hell of a Gamble»: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958–1964 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997), pp. 237–39; transcript, Gilpatric-JFK phone conversation, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
384
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 189.
385
Khrushchev to JFK, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
386
JFK to Khrushchev, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
387
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 213.
388
Ibid., pp. 213–14.
389
Ibid., p. 153.
390
Ibid., pp. 218–20, 229; «Overseas Reactions to President Kennedy’s Cuban Announcement,» October 23, 1962, JFKL; «News Conference,» Pierre Salinger, October 23, 1962, JFKL.
391
Timothy Naftali, Philip D. Zelikow, and Ernest R. May, eds., The Presidential Recordings: John F. Kennedy, vols 1–3, The Great Crises (Charlottesville, Va.: Miller Center, 2001), vol. 3, p. 213.
392
Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 126.
393
Khrushchev to JFK, October 24, 1962, JFKL; JFK to Khrushchev, October 25, 1962, JFKL; May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, pp. 242–43, 257.
394
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 292.
395
Ibid., p. 297.
396
Khrushchev to JFK, October 26, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to Secretary of State, October 26, 1962, JFKL.
397
Taubman, Khrushchev, p. 531.
398
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 230.
399
Ibid., p. 383.
400
Abel, The Missile Crisis, pp. 161–64, 180–81.
401
Betty Goetz Lall, «NATO — Warsaw Détente?» Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 20, no. 9 (November 1964), pp. 37–39.
402
Khrushchev to JFK, October 28, 1962, JFKL.
403
May and Zelikow, The Kennedy Tapes, p. 489.
404
«Message in Reply to a Broadcast by Chairman Khrushchev on the Cuban Crisis,» October 28, 1962, PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 814–15. См. также «Memorandum for the Secretary of State from the Attorney General,» October 30, 1962, JFKL.
405
«The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962,» PPP — JFK, 1962, pp. 830–32; Khrushchev to JFK, November 12, 1962, JFKL; Khrushchev to JFK, December 11, 1962, JFKL.
406
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 830; Life, November 12, 1965.
407
Jim Heath, Decade of Disillusionment: The Kennedy-Johnson Years (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1975), p. 131.
408
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 525.
409
Abel, The Missile Crisis, p. 193.
410
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 351.
411
Ibid.; Wills, The Kennedy Imprisonment, pp. 262–63; Richard J. Walton, Cold War and Counterrevolution: The Foreign Policy of John F. Kennedy (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1972), pp. 10, 116, 224; Robert Weisbrot, Maximum Danger: Kennedy, the Missiles, and the Crisis of American Confi (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2001), pp. 199–202.
412
Glen T. Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), pp. 51–60.
413
«ACDA Special Report No. 15: Consideration of Test Ban During Recess of Geneva Disarmament Conference,» September 11, 1962, JFKL.
414
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March 1963, pp. 32–37.
415
Fensch, The Kennedy-Khrushchev Letters, pp. 476–77.
416
Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 619.
417
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 325–28; Schlesinger, Journals, p. 194.
418
«Commencement Address at American University in Washington,» June 10, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 459–64.
419
G. Calvin MacKenzie and Robert Weisbrot, The Liberal Hour: Washington and the Politics of Change in the 1960 s (New York: Penguin Books, 2008), pp. 278–79.
420
Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 216–18.
421
Time, August 30, 1963.
422
Ibid.; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 555.
423
«Statement by the President Following the Senate Vote on the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» September 24, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 704. См. также «Remarks at the Signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,» October 7, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 765–66.
424
Benjamin S. Loeb, «The Limited Test Ban Treaty,» in Michael Kredon and Dan Caldwell, eds., The Politics of Arms Control of Treaty Ratification(New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1991), p. 169; Seaborg, Kennedy, Khrushchev, and the Test Ban, pp. 226–31, 235–82.
425
Dallek, An Unfi nished Life, pp. 624–25; Kempe, Berlin 1961, pp. 498–500.
426
Фраза «Ich bin ein Berliner» является вполне грамма-тически верной и выражает именно то, что Кеннеди хотел сказать: «Я — один из берлинцев» (а не прямо «Я — берлинец», как было бы без артикля).
427
«Remarks in the Rudolph Wilde Platz, Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 524–25.
428
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537.
429
New York Times, June 27, 1963; Sorensen, Counselor, p. 325; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 537; «Address at the Free University of Berlin,» June 26, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 25–29.
430
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 888.
431
John F. Kennedy, «Partial Remarks Before the Executives Club of Chicago,» May 28, 1954, JFKL.
432
John F. Kennedy, «America’s Stake in Vietnam,» Vital Speeches of the Day, August 1, 1956, pp. 617–19, JFKL.
433
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 46.
434
FRUS, vol. I, Vietnam 1961, p. 15, note 6.
435
William J. Lederer and Eugene Burdick, The Ugly American (New York: W. W. Norton, 1958). Похожий роман, хотя и менее спорный, о деятельности сотрудника ЦРУ во Вьетнаме — роман Грема Грина «Тихий американец». (Graham Greene, The Quiet American (New York: Viking Press, 1956)).
436
Edward G. Lansdale, «Binh Hung: A Counter-Guerilla Case Study,» February 1, 1961, JFKL.
437
JFK to General Lemnitzer, February 5, 1961, JFKL; Oliver E. Clubb Jr., «The Struggle in South Vietnam,» March 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–20.
438
Theodore H. White to JFK, October 11, 1961, JFKL.
439
Averell Harriman to Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., October 17, 1961, JFKL.
440
Stuart Symington to JFK, October 21, 1961, JFKL; Robert D. Schulzinger, A Time for War: The United States and Viet Nam, 1941–1975 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 102–6.
441
«The Taylor Report,» November 3, 1961, The Pentagon Papers: The Defense Department History of United States Decision-making on Vietnam (Boston: Beacon Press, 1971), vol. 2, pp. 88, 92–98; «A Threat to the Peace: North Viet-Nam’s Effort to Conquer South Viet-Nam,» Department of State, 1961, JFKL, pp. 18–37; Walt Rostow to JFK, November 7, 1961, JFKL. См. также Preston, The War Council, pp. 88–100.
442
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 257.
443
David Kaiser, American Tragedy: Kennedy, Johnson, and the Origins of the Vietnam War (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000), pp. 109–10.
444
JFK to Diem, October 23, 1961, JFKL; Diem to JFK, December 12, 14, 1961, JFKL; JFK to Diem, December 15, 1961, JFKL; «InternalWarfare and the Security of the Underdeveloped States,» November 20, 1961, Department of State, JFKL.
445
Hilsman, To Move a Nation, p. 444; Roger Hilsman to JFK, January 13,1962, JFKL.
446
Maxwell Taylor to JFK, «Summary of Military Operations in Vietnam,» n. d., 1962, JFKL.
447
Time, May 11, 1962.
448
Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 162–63, 165.
449
«Questions Concerning Guerrilla Programs,» July 7, 1962, JFKL.
450
George W. Ball, «Viet-Nam — Free World Challenge in Southeast Asia,» Detroit, April 30, 1962, JFKL; McGeorge Bundy to JFK, May 1, 1962, JFKL.
451
Hilsman, To Move a Nation, p. 428.
452
«The Strategic Hamlet Program, 1961–1963,» Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 128–59; Schulzinger, A Time for War, p. 115.
453
JFK to Diem, October 24, 1962, JFKL.
454
Washington Post, March 19, 1963; Kaiser, American Tragedy, pp. 194–95.
455
Associated Press, January 10, 1963, JFKL.
456
«Draft telegram to Saigon,» n. d., 1963, JFKL.
457
Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, pp. 202–4; Thomas L. Hughes to the Acting Secretary, «Diem Versus the Buddhists: The Issue Joined,» August 21, 1963, JFKL; Preston, The War Council, pp. 120–23.
458
Schulzinger, A Time for War, p. 120.
459
David Reynolds, One World Indivisible: A Global History Since 1945 (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), p. 276.
460
Henry Cabot Lodge to McGeorge Bundy, August 27, 1963, JFKL.
461
«Transcript of Broadcast on NBC’s ’Huntley-Brinkley’ Report,» September 6, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 658–59.
462
«Transcript of Broadcast with Walter Cronkite Inaugurating a CBS Television News Program,» September 2, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 650–51.
463
Henry Cabot Lodge to Dean Rusk, September 9, 1963, JFKL.
464
«Eyes Only for Ambassador,» August 28, 1963, JFKL; Henry Cabot Lodge to Dean Rusk, August 26, 1963.
465
Hilsman memo, September 11, 1963, JFKL; «Visit to Vietnam,» September 6–10, 1963, JFKL; Roger Hils-man to Henry Cabot Lodge, September 5, 1963, JFKL.
466
«Report to the Executive Committee,» October 4, 1963, JFKL.
467
Kaiser, American Tragedy, p. 251.
468
Robert S. McNamara, In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam (New York: Times Books, 1995), pp. 78–79.
469
Pentagon Papers, vol. 2, p. 205; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 609.
470
CIA Memorandum, «The Coup in South Vietnam,» November 1, 1963, JFKL.
471
Schulzinger, A Time for War, pp. 199–222; Kaiser, American Tragedy, pp. 266–69; Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 648.
472
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 646.
473
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 997.
474
Ellen J. Hammer, A Death in November: America in Vietnam, 1963 (New York: Dutton, 1987), p. 297.
475
CIA memorandum, «The Coup in South Vietnam,» November 1, 1963, JFKL; CIA memorandum, «The Situation in Vietnam,» November 2, 1963, JFKL; Hammer, A Death in November, pp. 296–98.
476
New York Times, November 3, 1963.
477
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, p. 997.
478
Maxwell Taylor, Swords and Plowshares (New York: W. W. Norton, 1972), p. 301. См. также Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 354–55; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, p. 683.
479
Kaiser, An American Tragedy, p. 278; Preston, The War Council, pp. 126–28.
480
«The President’s News Conference of November 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 848.
481
Gordon M. Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster: McGeorge Bundy and the Path to War in Vietnam (New York: Times Books, 2008), pp. 2–3.
482
Ibid., pp. 82–83.
483
«The President’s News Conference of November 14, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 846–48.
484
McGeorge Bundy, «The History-Maker,» Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society (1978), p. 84.
485
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 764. See also Kai Bird and William Pfaff, «Would JFK Have Left Vietnam: An Exchange,» New York Review of Books, June 10, 2010; Preston, The War Council, pp. 97–106.
486
Goldstein, Lessons in Disaster, p. 233. См. также Preston, The War Council, pp. 125–28.
487
Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 622–24. See also «Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,» January 14, 1963, PPP — JFK, 1963, pp. 14–15; Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 348.
488
Reeves, President Kennedy, p. 585.
489
Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, p. 348; Thomas, Robert Kennedy, p. 249.
490
Schlesinger, A Thousand Days, pp. 1010–11; Reeves, President Kennedy, pp. 622–24.
491
Sorensen, Counselor, pp. 350–51.
492
«The President’s News Conference of October 31, 1963,» PPP — JFK, 1963, p. 828.
