267
Marquand, Ramsay MacDonald, pp. 164ff.
268
Mackenzie and Mackenzie, Diary of Beatrice Webb, vol. III, pp. 203f.
269
Holroyd, Bernard Shaw, vol. II, pp. 341ff.
270
Hynes, War Imagined, pp. 74f.
271
Graves, Goodbye, pp. 11f, 25–31.
272
Weber, T., Stormy Romance.
273
Winter, Oxford and the First World War, p. 3.
274
Pogge von Strandmann, Germany and the Coming of War, pp. 87f.
275
Ferguson, World’s Banker, Ch. 30.
276
Groh, Negative Integration.
277
Winzen, Der Krieg, p. 180.
278
Geiss, Der lange Weg, p. 269.
279
Ср.: Eksteins, Rites of Spring, pp. 55–63, 193–197; Ullrich, Kriegsalltag, pp. 10–21.
280
Dukes and Remak, Another Germany, esp. pp. 207–219. В попытке изобразить Германскую империю ein Land wie andere auch Ремак заходит гораздо дальше других критиков идеи немецкой исключительности. Ср.: Blackbourn and Eley, Peculiarities of German History.
281
Liebknecht, Militarism and Anti-Militarism, pp. 9–42.
282
См.: Ritter, Sword and the Sceptre, esp. vol. II: The European Powers and the Wilhelminian Empire, 1890–1914; Vagts, History of Militarism; Berghahn, Militarism. См. также: Stargardt, German Idea of Militarism.
283
Zilch, Die Reichsbank, p. 40.
284
Fischer, F., War of Illusions, pp. 13–25; Fischer, F., Bündnis der Eliten.
285
Wehler, German Empire, pp. 155–162; Berghahn, Germany and the Approach of War, pp. 4, 41, 213.
286
См.: Mayer, Domestic Causes of the First World War, pp. 286–300; Groh, “Je eher, desto besser!”, pp. 501–521; Gordon, Domestic Conflict and the Origins of the First World War, pp. 191–226; Witt, Innenpolitik und Imperialismus, pp. 24ff. Также см.: Fischer, F., War of Illusions, esp. pp. 61, 83, 94, 258; Wehler, German Empire, pp. 192–201. Ср.: Mommsen, Domestic Factors in German Foreign Policy, pp. 3–43.
287
Eley, Army, State and Civil Society, pp. 85–109.
288
О растущих разногласиях между правительством и радикальными националистами см.: Eley, Reshaping the German Right, pp. 316–334; Mommsen, Public Opinion and Foreign Policy.
289
Bülow, Memoirs, p. 400.
290
Geiss, July 1914, p. 47.
291
Davies, Europe, p. 895.
292
Ferro, Great War, p. 173.
293
Joll, Second International, pp. 196f.
294
Buse, Ebert, p. 436.
295
Lenin, Imperialism, passim.
296
Gutsche, Foreign Policy, pp. 41–62.
297
Zilch, Die Reichsbank, p. 79.
298
Ferguson, World’s Banker, сh. 29.
299
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, p. 84.
300
Steed, Through Thirty Years, vol. II, pp. 8f.
301
Jahresbericht 1914, pp. 1f, Hamburg, Brinckmann, Wirtz & Co.-M. M. Warburg (MMW), Max Warburg Papers, Jahresbericht 1914. Ср.: Warburg, Aus meinen Aufzeichnungen, p. 29.
302
Williamson, J., Karl Helfferich, pp. 105f, 111ff. Также см.: Feldman, Deutsche Bank, pp. 129ff. В целом о немецкой банковской системе и дипломатии см.: Barth, Die deutsche Hochfinanz.
303
Pogge von Strandmann, Walther Rathenau, p. 183. Также см.: Rathenau, Briefe, vol. I, pp. 156ff.
304
Ср.: Zilch, Die Reichsbank.
305
Feldman, War Aims, pp. 2f.
306
Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, esp. pp. 269–277; Kennedy, First World War, pp. 7–40.
307
См.: Henig, Origins, pp. 8ff.
308
Geiss, Der lange Weg, pp. 54, 116, 123.
309
Geiss, German Version of Imperialism, p. 114.
310
Например, см.: Wilson, Policy of the Entente, pp. 96f; Wilson, T., Britain’s “Moral Commitment”, pp. 381ff.
311
Подсчитано исходя из данных, приведенных в: Mitchell, European Historical Statistics; Economist, Economic Statistics; Bairoch, Europe’s Gross National Product, pp. 281, 303.
312
Morgan and Thomas, Stock Exchange, pp. 88f.
313
Валовые прямые инвестиции вкупе с портфельными в 1990–1995 годах составляли чуть менее 12 % ВВП. См.: Financial Times, 6 May 1997, p. 18.
314
Pollard, Capital Exports, pp. 491f.
315
Gutsche, Foreign Policy, p. 50.
316
См.: Buchheim, Aspects of Nineteenth-Century Anglo-German Trade Policy, pp. 275–289. Также см.: Kennedy, Rise of the Anglo-German Antagonism, pp. 46ff, 262ff; Cain and Hopkins, British Imperialism, vol. I, pp. 461f; Steiner, Britain and the Origins of the First World War, pp. 60–63.
317
Например, см.: Pollard, Britain’s Prime; Floud, Britain 1860–1914, pp. 1–26.
318
Cain, Economic Foundations, pp. 43ff.
319
Edelstein, Overseas Investment, pp. 24ff, 48, 313ff.
320
Davis and Huttenback, Mammon, pp. 81–117; Pollard, Capital Exports, p. 507.
321
Davis and Huttenback, Mammon, p. 107.
