Soldiers and Enemy Civilians, pp. 8ff.
Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, pp. 314, 333ff. Ср. Bairoch, Europe’s Gross National Product, pp. 281, 303.
Hobson J. M., Military-Extraction Gap, pp. 464f.
Witt, Finanzpolitik und sozialer Wandel im Krieg, p. 425.
Wagenführ, Die Industriewirtschaft, p. 23.
Mitchell, European Historical Statistics, pp. 186ff, 199ff, 225ff, 290f; Hardach, First World War, p. 91.
Godfrey, Capitalism at War, p. 47; Kemp, French Economy, p. 31n.
Burchardt, Impact of the War Economy, p. 45.
Kennedy, Rise and Fall of the Great Powers, pp. 350.
Glaser, American War Effort, p.22.
Wagenführ, Die Industriewirtschaft, p. 23; Hardach, First World War, p. 45.
Высчитано по сведениям из Hoffman, Grumbach, Hesse, Wachstum, pp. 358f, 383ff, 390–393; Wagenführ, Die Industriewirtschaft, pp. 23ff; Feldman, Iron and Steel, pp. 474f; Mitchell, European Historical Statistics, pp. 141ff. Рост производства вина (также достигнутый в Венгрии и в Болгарии) стал следствием импортозамещения. В Италии и Франции, в свою очередь, производство вина немного упало.
Burchardt, Impact of the War Economy, pp. 42, 47. Ср. Bertold, Die Entwicklung.
Lee J., Administrators and Agriculture, pp. 232ff.
Mitchell, European Historical Statistics, pp. 285f.
Lee J., Administrators and Agriculture, p. 235.
Hansard, 1 August 1914.
Offer, First World War, pp. 300–309; Hardach, First World War, pp. 11–19. Ср. Vincent, Politics of Hunger.
Tirpitz, Deutsche Ohnmachtspolitik, p. 68.
Hardach, First World War, p. 19.
M. Farrar, Preclusive Purchases, pp. 117–33.
Hardach, First World War, p. 30.
Burk, Britain, America and the Sinews of War, pp. 41, 80.
Hardach, First World War, p. 124.
Liddell Hart, British Way, p. 29. Ср. Ferguson, Food and the First World War, pp. 188–95.
Hardach, First World War, p. 33.
См. различные оценки в Keynes, Economic Consequences, pp. 161, 165 (довоенные германские оценки); Economist, Reparations Supplement, 31 May 1924, p. 6 (оценка Комитета Маккенны); Hoffman, Grumbach und Hesse, Wachstum, p. 262; Kindleberger, Financial History, p. 225.
Bundesarchiv [ранее в Потсдаме], Reichswirtschafts ministerium, 764/268–301, Verluste der deutschen Handelsflotte.
Eichengreen, Golden Fetters, pp. 82ff. Подробности о германском платежном балансе см. в Bresciani-Turroni, Economics of Inflation, pp. 83–93; о британском в E. Morgan, Studies in British Financial Policy, p. 341.
Zunkel, Industrie; Ehlert, Die wirtschaftsliche Zentralbehörde; Feldman, Der deutsche organisierte Kapitalismus, pp. 150–171.
Классической работой на эту тему остается Feldman, Army, Industry and Labour. Ее отголоски см., напр., в Fischer W., Die deutsche Wirtschaft; Bessel, Mobilising German Society.
French D., British Economic and Strategic Planning, pp. 6–27; Marwick, Deluge, p. 79.
Adams, Arms and the Wizard; Wrigley, Ministry of Munitions, pp. 32–56; Beveridge, Power and Influence, p. 117. Ср. Dewey, New Warfare; Chickering, World War.
Hurwitz, State Intervention, p. 62. Ср. McNeill, Pursuit of Power, p. 327.
Reid, Dilution, p. 61.
Kemp, French Economy, pp. 28–57; Godfrey, Capitalism at War, pp. 64, 1014f, 289–296.
Winter J., Public Health, pp. 170ff.
Winter J., Great War, pp. 279ff, 305.
Winter J., Capital Cities, pp. 10f. См. также Offer, First World War, passim.
Cecil L., Albert Ballin, pp. 212f.
Warburg, Aus meinen Aufzeichnungen, pp. 34f.
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, p. 146.
Pogge von Strandmann, Walther Rathenau, p. 189.
Ibid., p. 200.
Feldman, War Aims, pp. 22f.
Ibid., p. 145.
Feldman, Iron and Steel, p. 80.
Moeller, Dimensions of Social Conflict, pp. 142–168.
Ferguson, Paper and Iron, p. 105.
Crow, Man of Push and Go, pp. 65–85.
Dewey, New Warfare, pp. 78f.
French D., British Economic and Strategic Planning, pp. 11–25; Adams, Arms and the Wizard, pp. 14–69, 83, 90,164–179; Wilson T., Myriad Faces, pp. 217–236; Wrigley, Ministry of Munitions, pp. 34–38, 43–49; Wrigley, David Lloyd George, pp. 83–84; Crow, Man of Push and Go, pp. 86–92; Beveridge, Power and Influence, pp, 124ff, Ср. Marwick, Deluge, p. 99. О России: Stone, Eastern Front, pp. 196f. О Франции: Godfrey, Capitalism at War, pp. 45–48, 107, 184–210, 259f.
Wilson T., Myriad Faces, p. 237; Wrigley, David Lloyd George, pp. 85–89.
Godfrey, Capitalism at War, pp. 186, 261–284.
