Gimpel, Jean. 1976. The Medieval Machine: The Industrial Revolution of the Middle Ages. New York: Penguin Books.
Glubb, Lieutenant-General Sir John Bagot [1963], 1995. The Great Arab Conquests. New York: Barnes and Noble.
Grabar, Oleg. 2006. The Dome of the Rock. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of the Harvard Univ. Press.
Graetz, Heinrich Hirsh. 1894. History of the Jews. Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America.
Graham, Rose. 1908. “The Taxation of Pope Nicholas IV.” English Historical Review, 23:434–454.
Grosser, Paul E. and Edwin G. Halpern. 1983. Anti-Semitism: Causes and Effects. An Analysis and Chronology of Nineteen Hundred Years of Anti-Semitic Attitudes and Practices. New York: Philosophical Library.
Guibert of Nogent [c. 1106], 1997. Gesta Dei per Francos (The Deeds of God through the Franks). Rochester, NY: Boydell Press.
Hallam, Elizabeth, ed. 2000. Chronicles of the Crusades: Eyewitness Accounts of the Wars Between Christianity and Islam. New York: Welcome Rain.
Hamilton, Bernard. 2000. The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Hanson, Victor Davis. 2001. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles and the Rise of Western Power. New York: Doubleday.
Hill, Donald R. 1993. Islamic Science and Engineering. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
Hillenbrand, Carole. 1999. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press.
Hitti, Philip Khuri. 2002. History of Syria Including Lebanon and Palestine. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press.
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. 1974. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. 3 vols. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Holt, P. M. 1983. “Saladin and His Admirers: A Biographical Reassessment.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 46:235–239.
Horvath, Ronald J. 1972. “A Definition of Colonialism.” Current Anthropology, 13: 45–57.
Hunt, E. D. 1982. Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire, A.D. 312–460. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hussey, Joan M. 1969. “Byzantium and the Crusades.” In Wolff and Hazard, 1969, 123–151.
Hyland, Ann. 1994. The Medieval Warhorse: From Byzantium to the Crusades. London: Grange Books.
Irwin, Robert. 2006. Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents. New York: Overlook Press.
Issawi, Charles. 1957. “Crusades and Current Crisis in the Near East: A Historical Parallel.” International Affairs, 33:269–279.
Jaki, Stanley. 1986. Chance or Reality and Other Essays. Lanham, MD: Univ. Press of America / Intercollegiate Studies Institute.
Jaki, Stanley L. 1986. Science and Creation. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press.
Jamison, Alan G. 2006. Faith and Sword: A Short History of Christian-Muslim Conflict. London: Reaktion Books.
Jamison, Evelyn [1939], 1969. “Some Notes on the Anonymi Gesta Francorum.” In Studies in French Language and Mediaeval Literature: Presented to Professor Mildred K. Pope by Pupils, Colleagues, and Friends, 183–208. Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press.
Jandora, John Walter. 1990. The March from Medina: A Revisionist Study of the Arab Conquests. Clinton, NJ: Kingston Press.
–. 1986. “Developments in Islamic Warfare: The Early Conquests.” Studia Islamica, 64:101–113.
Jenkins, Romilly [1969], 1987. Byzantium: The Imperial Centuries, A.D. 610–1071. Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press.
Johnson, Edgar N. 1969. “The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI.” In Wolff and Hazard 1969, 87–122.
Kaegi, Walter E. 1992. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
Karsh, Efraim. 2007. Islamic Imperialism: A History. Updated ed. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.
Kedar, Benjamin Z. [1990], 2002. “The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant.” In The Crusades: The Essential Readings, ed. Thomas F. Madden, 235–264. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
–. 1984. Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward the Muslims. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
–. 1974. “The General Tax of 1183 in the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem: Innovation or Adaptation?” English Historical Review, 89:339–345.
Kennedy, Hugh. 2001. The Armies of the Caliphs. London: Routledge.
Knobler, Adam. 2006. “Holy Wars, Empires, and the Portability of the Past: The Modern Uses of the Medieval Crusade.” Comparative Studies in Society and History, 48:293–325.
Kollek, Teddy and Moshe Pearlman. 1970. Pilgrims to the Holy Land. New York: Harper and Row.
Krey, August C. 1921. The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eye-Witnesses and Participants. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
Krueger, Hilmar C. 1969. “The Italian City States and the Arabs before 1095.” In Baldwin 1969, 40–53.
LaMonte, John L. 1932. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.
Lane-Pool, Stanley [1898], 2002. Saladin: All-Powerful Sultan and Uniter of Islam. New York: Cooper Square Press.
Lawrence, C. H. 2000. Medieval Monasticism. 3rd ed. London: Longman.
Leighton, Albert C. 1972. Transportation and Communication in Early Medieval Europe, A.D. 500–1100. Newton Abbot, UK: David & Charles.
Lewis, Archibald R. 1951. Naval Power and Trade in the Mediterranean, A.D. 500–1100. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
Lewis, Bernard. 2002. What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle East Response. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press,
–. [1982], 2001. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton.
–. 1994. Islam and the West. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
–. 1987. The Jews of Islam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press.
–. 1967. The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam. London: Weideenfeld & Nicolson.
Lofl and, John, and Rodney Stark. 1965. “Becoming a World-Saver: A Theory of Conversion to a Deviant Perspective.” American Sociological Review, 30:862–875.
Lomax, Derek W. 1978. The Reconquest of Spain. London: Longman.
Lopez, Robert S. 1976. The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950–1350. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
–. 1969. “The Norman Conquest of Sicily.” In Baldwin, 1969, 54–67.
Lunt, W. E. 1915. “Papal Taxation
