Марк Мосевицкий - Распространненость жизни и уникальность разума?

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Нельзя не упомянуть набирающие силу идеи, сторонники которых именуют себя неоламаркистами. Суть этих идей в том, что принимая мутационную теорию Дарвина как основу, неоламаркисты предполагают возможность (в нарушение принципа Вейсмана) переноса мутаций, возникших в соматических клетках, в клетки зародышевой плазмы и, соответственно, передачи этих мутаций по наследству. Определенная направленность унаследованных изменений объясняется тем, что мутировавшие соматические клетки подвергаются отбору под воздействием определенного фактора, и только отобранные (размножившиеся) клетки имеют шанс оказаться в зародышевой плазме. Интересные приложения неоламаркизм может найти в иммунологии. Согласно предложенной гипотезе (Стил и др., 2002), лимфоциты, в которых активно мутируют гены иммуноглобулинов, подвергаются отбору под контролем антигена. Отобранные лимфоциты, несущие определенную мутацию в иммуноглобулиновом гене, способны проникнуть в зародышевую плазму. В случае разрушения оказавшегося в зародышевой плазме лимфоцита его ДНК может проникнуть в половую клетку и путем гомологической рекомбинации быть включенной в ее геном. Тем самым, соматическая мутация, обеспечивающая устойчивость организма, в котором она возникла, к определенному болезнетворному фактору, наследуется потомством, приобретающим вместе с нею устойчивость к болезни. Следует отметить, однако, что ни описанный выше вариант неоламаркистского наследования, ни какие-то другие предположения не имеют прямых доказательств.