395
Tacitus, The Agricola and the Germania, trans. H. Mattingly and S. A. Handford (London, 1970), pp. 104–105.
Ibid., pp. 114–115.
Ibid., pp. 104–105, 114–115, 121.
D. J. Herlihy, ‘Attitudes towards Environment in Medieval Society’, в книге Bilsky, ed., op. cit., pp. 100-16, особ. p. 103.
Verona in eta gotica e langobarda (Verona, 1982).
Needham, op. cit., p. 562.
Panovsky, p. 67.
R. Bechmann, Les Racines des cathedrales: Гarchitecture gothique, expression des conditions du milieu (Paris, 1981), pp. 141–142.
G. H. Pertz and R. Корке, eds, Herbordi Dialogue de Vita Ottonis Episcopi Babergensis (Hanover, 1868), pp. 59–60.
R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales (Oxford, 1982), p. 165.
J. Veillard, Le Guide du pelerin (Macon, 1950), pp. 26, 28, 32.
G. W. Greenaway, Arnold of Brescia (Cambridge, 1931); J. D. Anderson and E. T. Kennan, eds, The Works of Bernard of Clairvaux, xiii: Five Books on Consideration: Advice to a Pope (Kalamazoo, 1976), p. 111.
S. A. Zenkovsky, ed., The Nikonian Chronicle from the Year 1132 to 1240, vol. ii (Princeton, 1984), p. 5.
M. Tikomirov, The Towns of Ancient Rus (Moscow, 1959), pp. 220–222; S. Franklin and J. Shepard, The Emergence ofRus, 750-1200 (London, 1996), p. 283, 343–345; H. Bimbaum, Lord Novgorod the Great (Columbus, 1981), pp. 45, 77. M. W. Thompson, Novgorod the Great: Excavations in the Medieval City (1967); S. Franklin, ‘Literacy and Documentation in Early Medieval Russia’ в Speculum, lx (1985), 1—38.
R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change, 950-1350 (Princeton, 1993), p. 133.
Matarasso, ed., op. cit., pp. 287–290.
J. Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: the Fates of Human Societies (London, 1997), pp. 195–210.
Schama, op. cit., p. 96.
Очевидно, имеется в виду кинокомедия Винсента Минелли.
Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah (tr. F. Rosenthal, 3 vols (Princeton, 1967), vol. I, p. 71).
L. M. Serpenti, Cultivators in the Swamps (Amsterdam, 1977).
Ibid., p. 10.
Ibid., p. 7.
Ibid., pp. 21–62.
R. S. MacNeish, ‘The Origins of New World Civilization’, Scientific American, (1964).
L. Scheie, ‘The Olmec Mountains and Tree of Creation in Mesoamerican Cosmology’ в книге M. D. Coe et al., The Olmec World: Ritual and Rulership (Princeton, 1995), pp. 105–117, особ. p. 106.
N. Hammond, ‘Cultura hermana: Reappraising the Olmec’, Quarterly Review of Archaeology, ix (1991), pp. 1–4.
E. P. Beson and B. de la Fuente, eds, Olmec Art of Ancient Mexico (Washington, DC, 1996), cat. no. 1, pp. 154–155.
Ibid., cat. 42, p. 205, cat. 60–71, pp. 226–229; Coe et al., op. cit., pp. 170–176; P. T. Furst, ‘The Olmec Were-Jaguar Motif in the Light of Ethnographic Reality’, в книге E. P. Benson, ed., Dumbarton Oaks Conference on the Olmec (Washington, 1968), pp. 143–174.
F. K. Reilly, ‘Art, Ritual and Rulership in the Olmec World’, в книге Coe et al., op. cit., pp. 27–45, особ. p. 35.
E.g. P. T. Furst, ‘Shamanism, Transformation and Olmec Art’, ibid., pp. 68–81.
W. Ralegh, The Discovery of the Large, Rich and Beautiful Empire of Guiana with a Relation of the Great and Golden City of Manoa (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1848), p. 11. Написание исправлено.
J. L. Stephens, Incidents of Travel in Yucatan, 2 vols (Norman, 1962), vol. i, pp. 85–86.
Приведено у Coedes, p. 54.
J. Miskic, Borobudur: Golden Tales of the Buddha (Boston, 1990), p. 17.
Обзор проблемы плодородности тропических лесов см. P. W. Richards, The Tropical Rain Forest: an Ecological Study (London, 1979).
F. Fernandez-Armesto, ed., The Times Atlas of World Exploration (London, 1991), p. 133; A. Rossel and R. Herve, eds, Le Mappemonde de Sebastien Cabot (Paris, 1968).
G. de Carvajal et al., La aventura del Amazonas, ed. R. Diaz (Madrid, 1986), pp. 47–67.
Разница между «сладкой» и высокотоксичной «горькой» формами растения в степени. Е. Moran, ‘Food, Development and Man in the Tropics’ в книге M. Amott, ed., Gastronomy (The Hague, 1975), p. 173; использование маниока в наше время описано в Е. Carmichael et al., The Hidden Peoples of the Amazon (London, 1985), p. 61.
B. J. Meggers, Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise (Chicago, 1971), p. 30.
D. Lathrap, The Upper Amazon (New York, 1970), p. 44.
G. Edmundson, ed., journal of the Travels and Labours of Father Samuel Fritz in the River of the Amazons between 1686 and 1723 (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1922), pp. 50–51. В этой и следующей цитатах перевод слегка модифицирован.
Ibid., р. 61.
Кассава — разновидность маниока, так называемый «маниок полезнейший».
Meggers, op. cit., pp. 19–21.
W. Balee, ‘The Culture of the Amazonian Forest’ в книге D. A. Posey and W. Balee, eds, Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies (New York, 1989), pp. 1-16.
L. Scheie and M. Miller, The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art (New York, 1986), pp. 64–65, 157.
Ibid., pp. 122–125, 175–199; W. Fash, Scribes, Warriors and Kings: the City of Cop an and the Ancient Maya (London, 1991).
К. O. Pope and В. H. Dahlin, ‘Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture: New Insights from Ecological and Remote Sensing Research’, Journal of Field Archaeology, xvi (1989), pp. 87-106.
M. D. Coe, Breaking the Maya Code (London, 1992), pp. 179–191.
J. Marcus, Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth and History in Four Ancient Civilizations (Princeton, 1992).
G. Michel, The Rulers ofTikal: a Historical Reconstruction and Field Guide to the Stelae (Guatemala, 1989), pp. 31–38, 77–90.
Ibid., pp. 53–56, 116–122.
E. Manikka, Angkor Wat: Time, Space, Kingship (Honolulu, 1996), p. 159.
Ibid., p. 23.
Ibid., p. 51.
J. Mirsky, Chinese Travellers in the Middle Ages (London, 1968), pp. 203–215.
G. Coedes, Angkor: an Introduction (London, 1963), pp. 104–105.
Ibid., p. 96.
Ibid., p. 86.
Ramacandra Kaulacara, Silpa Prakasa, trans A. Boner and S. Rath Sarma (Leiden, 1966), p. xxxiii; отрывок в Manikka, op. cit., p. 8.
Ibid., p. 42.
Ibid., p. 46.
G. Coedes, The Indianised States of South-east Asia (London, 1968), p. 173.
A. F. С. Ryder, Benin and the Europeans, 1485–1897 (New York, 1969), plate 2(a).
K. Ezra, Royal Art of Benin: the Peris Collection in the Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, 1992), pp. 9, 117.
Ryder, op. cit., p. 70.
Ezra, op. cit., p. 118.
G. Connah, The Archaeology of Benin: Excavations and Other Researches in and around Benin City, Nigeria (Oxford, 1975), p. 105.
Ryder, op. cit., pp. 12–14, 72.
P. J. C. Dark, An Introduction to Benin Art and Technology (Oxford, 1973), p. 102 and pi. 56, ill. 19.
Ibid., p. 100 and pi. 46, ill. 98.
Ryder, op. cit., pp. 31–33, 37, 84–85, 234–235,
Ibid., p. 206.
Ibid., pp. 17–18.
R. Home, City of Blood Revisited (London, 1982), pp. 36, 43–47.
Ibid., pp. ix-x.
A. Waley, The Book of Songs (p. 162).
Jack R. Harlan, Crops and Men (Madison, 1992, p. 8).
Н. Frankfort, Kingship and the Gods (Chicago, 1948), p. 274.
K. Wittfogel, Oriental Despotism: a Comparative Study of Total Power (New Haven, 1957).
Кажется, нет конца этой работе, подтверждающей реальность проблемы, сформулированной таким образом, насколько мне известно, впервые в L. R. В inford, ‘Post-Pleistocene Adaptions’ в книге S. R. and L. R. Binford, eds, New Perspectives in Archaeology (Chicago, 1968), pp. 313–341 and M. D. Sahlins, Stone Age Economics (Chicago, 1972), особенно pp. 1-39.
Этот взгляд неразрывно связан с V. G. Childe, The Neolithic Revolution (New York, 1925); cm. J. R. Harlan, J. M. J. de Wet and A. Stemler, Origins of African Plant Domestication (The Hague, 1976), pp. 1–5.
S. J. Fiedel, Prehistory of the Americas (New York, 1987), p. 162.
В. M. Fagan, The Journey from Eden: the Peopling of Our World (London, 1990), p. 225.
W. H. McNeill, The Human Condition: an Ecological and Historical View (Princeton, 1980), pp. 19–20.
J. L. Angell, ‘Health as crucial factor in the changes from Hunting to developed Farming in the Eastern Mediterranean’, в книге М. N. Cohen and G. J. Armelagos, eds, Paleopathology at the Origins of Agriculture (New York, 1984), pp. 51–73; T. Taylor, The Prehistory of Sex (London, 1996).
T. D. Price and J. A. Brown, ‘Aspects of Hunter-gatherer Complexity’, в книге Prehistoric Hunter-gatherers (New York, 1985); L. H. Keeley, War Before Civilization: the Myth of the Peaceful Savage (Oxford, 1996); J. Haas, ed., The Anthropology of War (Cambridge, 1990).
