развил эту мысль на ПМЭФ в июне 2023 года, сказав: «Доллар ускоряющимися темпами теряет свои позиции, но он будет умирать медленно, а спасаться нужно срочно. Уход от расчетов в долларах, формирование новых платежных механизмов и создание новых логистических цепочек позволят минимизировать новые риски кризисных явлений». (
Прим. науч. ред.)
Ortenca Aliaj and Nastassia Astrasheuskaya, “Russia’s Rosneft Switches All Export Contracts to Euros”, Financial Times, October 24, 2019, https://www. ft. com/content/f886658c-f65c‐11e9-a79c-bc9acae3b654.
Своп — финансовая операция, когда вместе со сделкой заключается контрсделка об обратной продаже того же актива через определенное время. При валютном свопе происходит обмен валютами с обязательством совершить в определенную дату обратный обмен. (Прим. пер.)
Edoardo Saravalle, “How U. S. Sanctions Depend on the Federal Reserve”, Center for a New American Security, July 29, 2020, https://www. cnas. org/publications/commentary/how-u-s-sanctions-depend-on-the-federal-reserve.
BennSteil,“CentralBankCurrencySwapsTracker”,CouncilonForeignRelations, accessed August 9, 2020, https://www. cfr. org/article/central-bank-currency-swaps-tracker.
“India, Japan Sign $75 Billion Currency Swap Agreement”, Economic Times, October 30, 2018, https://economictimes. indiatimes. com/markets/forex/india-japan-sign‐75-billion-currency-swap-agreement/articleshow/66415790. cms.
Franz-Stefan Gady, “India Makes $800 Million Advance Payment for Russian S‐400 Air Defense Systems”, Diplomat, November 2019, https://thediplomat. com/2019/11/india-makes‐800-million-advance-payment-for-russian-s‐400-air-defense-systems.
Dinakar Peri, “Payment Issues over S‐400 Deal Resolved: Russian Officials”, Hindu, August 29, 2019, https://www. thehindu. com/news/national/payment-issues-over-s‐400-deal-resolved-russian-officials/article29281658. ece.
“SWIFT IN FIGURES, YTD June 2020”, Swift, accessed August 15, 2020, https://www. swift. com/sites/default/files/files/SIF_202006. pdf.
Kazuhiro Kida, Masayuki Kubota, and Yusho Cho, “Rise of the Yuan: China-Based Payment Settlements Jump 80 Percent”, Nikkei Asia, May 20, 2019, https://asia. nikkei. com/Business/Markets/Rise-of-the-yuan-China-based-payment-settlements-jump‐80.
“Dethroning the Dollar: America’s Aggressive Use of Sanctions Endangers the Dollar’s Reign”, Economist, January 18, 2020, https://www. economist. com/briefing/2020/01/18/americas-aggressive-use-of-sanctions-endangers-the-dollars-reign.
“China’s Global Payment System for Yuan Sees Limited Launch”, South China Morning Post, October 9, 2015, https://www. scmp. com/business/banking-finance/article/1865370/chinas-global-payment-system-yuan-sees-limited-launch.
“CIPS to Break Chinese Banks’ Global Monopoly over Yuan Clearing”, South China Morning Post, September 11, 2015, https://www. scmp. com/business/banking-finance/article/1857121/cips-break-chinese-banks-global-monopoly-over-yuan-clearing.
Saikat Chatterjee, “Exclusive — China’s Payments System Scaled Back; Trade Deals Only: Sources”, Reuters, July 13, 2015, https://uk. reuters. com/article/uk-china-yuan-payments/exclusive-chinas-payments-system-scaled-back-trade-deals-only-sources-idUKKCN0PN0P020150713.
Kida, Kubota, and Cho, “Rise of the yuan”.
Peter Harrell and Elizabeth Rosenberg, “Economic Dominance, Financial Technology, and the Future of U. S. Economic Coercion”, Center for a New American Security, April 29, 2019, https://www. cnas. org/publications/reports/economic-dominance-financial-technology-and-the-future-of-u-s-economic-coercion.
Cheng Leng, Zhang Yan, and Ryan Woo, “Chinese Banks Urged to Switch Away from SWIFT as U. S. Sanctions Loom”, Reuters, July 29, 2020, https://www. reuters. com/article/us-china-banks-usa-sanctions/chinese-banks-urged-to-switch-away-from-swift-as-u-s-sanctions-loom-idUSKCN24U0SN.
“Factbox: What Is China’s Onshore Yuan Clearing and Settlement System CIPS?” Reuters, February 28, 2022, https://www. reuters. com/markets/europe/what-is-chinas-onshore-yuan-clearing-settlement-system-cips‐2022–02–28.
“Announcement of Additional Treasury Sanctions on Russian Financial Institutions and on a Defense Technology Entity”, U. S. Treasury, July 29, 2014, https://www. treasury. gov/press-center/press-releases/pages/jl2590. aspx.
“VTB Bank Connects to CIPS”, Finextra, March 10, 2016, https://www. finextra. com/pressarticle/63508/vtb-bank-connects-to-cips.
“FACTBOX–China’s Onshore Yuan Clearing and Settlement System CIPS”, Reuters, July 30, 2020, https://www. reuters. com/article/china-banks-clearing-idUSL3N2F115E.
Jonathan Hillman, “China and Russia: Economic Unequals”, Center for Strategic & International Studies, July 15, 2020, https://www. csis. org/analysis/china-and-russia-economic-unequals.
Высказывание Прасада является отсылкой к концепции «флота в наличии» (англ. a Fleet in being, иначе «флот как фактор присутствия») — популярному в начале ХХ века принципу стратегического применения военно-морских сил, согласно которому боеспособный и сильный флот, даже находясь на базах и не выходя в море, сковывает действия противника самим фактом присутствия на морском театре военных действий, поскольку готов в любой момент перейти к активным действиям. После революции в военном деле и воздушных атак Таранто (1940 год) и Пёрл-Харбор (1941 год) теория «флота в наличии» утратила актуальность, но выражение используется в переносном смысле как «потенциальная угроза» или «потенциальный ресурс», ценность которого в возможности применения в любой момент. (Прим. науч. ред.)
“The Financial World’s Nervous System Is Being Rewired”, Economist, May 9, 2020, https://www. economist. com/special-report/2020/05/07/the-financial-worlds-nervous-system-is-being-rewired.
“Report to Congress of the U. S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission”, U. S. Congress, November 2019, https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019–11/2019%20Annual%20Report%20to%2 °Congress.pdf.
Расчеты автора с использованием данных Economist Intelligence Unit, январь 2022 года.
“UPI Product Statistics”, National Payments Corporation of India, accessed January 23, 2022, https://www.npci.org.in/product-statistics/upi-product-statistics.
“Poverty and Equity Brief: India”, World Bank, October 2020, https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/987B9C90-CB9F‐4D93-AE8C‐750588BF00QA/AM2020/Global_POVEQ_IND. pdf.
Andrey Ostroukh and Elena Fabrichnaya, “Russia Backs Global Use of Its Alternative SWIFT System”, Reuters, March 19, 2019, https://uk. reuters. com/article/russia-banks-swift/russia-backs-global-use-of-its-alternative-swift-system-idUKL8N2163BU.
“The Financial World’s Nervous System Is Being Rewired”, Economist.
Natasha Turak, “Russia’s Central Bank Governor Touts Moscow Alternative to SWIFT Transfer System as Protection from US Sanctions”, CNBC, May 23, 2018, https://www. cnbc. com/2018/05/23/russias-central-bank-governor-touts-moscow-alternative-to-swift-transfer-system-as-protection-from-us-sanctions. html.
Andrey Ostroukh, “Russia Says BRICS Nations Favour Idea of Common Payment System”, Reuters, November 14, 2019, https://www. reuters. com/article/uk-brics-summit-russia-fx/russia-says-brics-nations-favour-idea-of-common-payment-system-idUSKBN1XO1KQ.
Virginie Robert, “Pierre Vimont: ‘Il faut que l’Europe soit capable de montrer qu’on peut mordre face aux sanctions extraterritoriales,’ ” Les Echos, March 22, 2021, https://www. lesechos. fr/monde/enjeux-internationaux/pierre-vimont-il-faut-que-leurope-soit-capable-de-montrer-quon-peut-mordre-face-aux-sanctions-extraterritoriales‐1300265.
Simondde Galbert,“TransatlanticEconomicStatecraft”,CenterforaNewAmericanSecurity, June 21, 2016, https://www. cnas. org/publications/reports/transatlantic-economic-statecraft-the-challenge-to-building-a-balanced-transatlantic-sanctions-policy-between-the-united-states-and-the-european-union.
Tom Keatinge, Emil Dall, Aniseh Bassiri Tabrizi, and Sarah Lain, “Transatlantic (Mis) alignment: Challenges to US-EU Sanctions Design and Implementation”, Royal United Services Institute, July
