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Вторичные санкции — это меры по наказанию физических или юридических лиц, в том числе находящихся в другой юрисдикции, за нарушение существующих режимов санкций или связей с теми странами или лицами, которые уже находятся под санкциями. Если организация способствует обходу санкционного режима подсанкционной компанией, то в отношении ее могут быть введены вторичные санкции. Нарушитель санкций де-факто уравнивается в правах с теми подсанкционными лицами, с которыми он вступил во взаимодействие, тем самым нарушив законодательство США. Вторичные санкции реализуются, в частности, через механизм денежных штрафов против компаний-нарушителей. В большей степени штрафы применяются в отношении системного бизнеса, который не был ранее замечен в преднамеренном нарушении американских санкций. Данная мера является более мягкой и гибкой по сравнению с блокирующими санкциями. Цель штрафных санкций — пресечь случаи нарушения санкционного режима, а не прекратить деятельность компаний. Отличительной чертой экономических санкций США является их экстерриториальность. (Прим. науч. ред.)
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Около 210 метров. (Прим. пер.)
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Порт Мукран расположен на самом большом острове Германии, Рюгене, и является самым восточным глубоководным портом Германии. (Прим. науч. ред.)
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Стивидор — фирма или организация, которая производит погрузку и выгрузку судов, либо лицо, занимающееся такой работой. (Прим. пер.)
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