Николас де Ланж - Иудаизм. Древнейшая мировая религия

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Шмонэ Эсрэ [евр. «восемнадцать»]. «Восемнадцать благословений». Основная из установленных молитв. Также называется «Амида».

Шоа [евр. «разрушение»]. Одно из названий разрушения нацистами еврейской жизни в Европе.

Шомер [евр. и идиш, «страж»; множ. число «шомрим»]. 1. Надзиратель, следящий за тем, чтобы пища готовилась по правилам кашрута. 2. Страж над мертвым телом. 3. Это слово употребляется также в выражениях вроде «шомер мицвот» и «шомер шаббат», обозначая человека, скрупулезного в соблюдении заповедей.

Шофар [евр.]. Музыкальный инструмент, сделанный из бараньего рога. В него трубят в Рош Га-Шана и под конец Йом Киппура.

Шохет [евр. «мясник»]. Специалист, осуществляющий убой скота согласно предписанным правилам. См. также шехита.

Штетль [идиш, «городок», «местечко»]. Это слово сейчас обозначает целый утраченный мир восточноевропейского еврейства.

Штибль [идиш, «комнатка»]. Комната, использовавшаяся для молитвы, особенно у хасидов.

Шул [идиш]. Одно из названий синагоги у ашкеназов.

Эйн Келогейну [евр. «Нет подобного Богу нашему»]. Гимн, который обычно поют под конец утренней службы (в ашкеназских синагогах только по субботам и праздникам).

Эйн Соф [евр. «Бесконечное»]. Высший и непознаваемый аспект Божества в каббалистических системах. См. также Сефирот.

Элогим [евр. «боги», или «Бог»]. Одно из имен Бога.

Эль [евр. «Бог»]. Одно из имен Бога.

Эль мале рахамим [евр. «Боже, исполненный милосердия»]. Заупокойная молитва, которую читают на похоронах и поминальных службах.

Эрец Исраэль [евр.]. Земля Израилева.

Эрусин [евр.]. Помолвка.

Этрог [евр.]. Цитрусовый плод, один из четырех видов растений, которые используются в обрядах праздника Суккот.

Эхаль. См. гейхаль.

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