Ознакомительная версия.
14
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 14.
Wind in Power, 2014 European Statistics, February 2015, The European Wind Energy Association, p. 6.
http://www.greentechlead.com/news/renewable-energy-outperforms-natural-gas-u-s-2014–21395
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421514003747
G8+5 Academies’ joint statement: Climate change and the transformation of energy technologies for a low carbon future.
Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report. http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/syr/
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/2015-begins-with-co2-above-400-ppm-mark/
Redrawing the Energy-Climate Map, Executive Summary, World Energy Outlook Special Report, IEA 2013, p. 1.
http://sedac.ipcc-data.org/ddc/ar5_scenario_process/RCPs.html
http://www.iea.org/publications/scenariosandprojections/
http://350.org/about/science/
Рифкин Д. Третья промышленная революция. Как горизонтальные взаимодействия меняют экономику, энергетику и мир в целом. – М.: Альпина нон-фикшн, 2014. – С. 28.
Kepler Cheuvreux, ESG Sustainability Research, Stranded assets, fossilised revenues, 24 April 2014.
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21587782-europes-electricity-providers-face-existential-threat-how-lose-half-trillion-euros
http://www.pv-tech.org/news/are_utilities_facing_a_perfect_storm_from_disruptive_renewables
http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/darwin-69517
2015 Energy Tomorrow, p. 17, www.api.org
http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2015/01/17/1-big-oil-company-that-sees-a-future-in-renewable.aspx
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015–04–01/china-s-fuel-demand-to-peak-sooner-than-oil-giants-expect
Вестник АН СССР. 1976. № 1. С. 34–43. Цит. по: http://vivovoco.astronet.ru/VV/PAPERS/KAPITZA/KAP_10.HTM
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 101.
Ibid., p. 15.
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 75.
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 48.
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 5, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.
Ibid., p. 18.
http://energy-fresh.ru/solarenergy/tendencii/?id=3558
http://s01.static-shell.com/content/dam/shell-new/local/corporate/corporate/downloads/pdf/NewLensScenario/nls-web-russian-brochure.pdf, с. 67.
http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/solar_cell.htm
http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=864426
http://investor.firstsolar.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=833971
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 6, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
https://energy.stanford.edu/news/perovskites-provide-big-boost-silicon-solar-cells-stanford-study-finds
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 12.
http://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-and-media/press-releases/presseinformationen-2013/world-record-solar-cell-with-44.7-efficiency
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 30.
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Photovoltaics Report, Freiburg, 24 October 2014, p. 7, www.ise.fraunhofer.de
http://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2014/10/21/trends-in-silver-demand-by-the-solar-photovoltaic-industry/
http://www.caseyresearch.com/articles/a-photovoltaic-silver-bull-in-china
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455
Technology Roadmap. Solar Photovoltaic Energy, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 18.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927024813004455
http://info.cat.org.uk/questions/pv/what-environmental-impact-photovoltaic-pv-solar-panels
Fthenakis, V. and Alsema, E. (2006), Photovoltaics energy payback times, greenhouse gas emissions and external costs: 2004 – early 2005 status. Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl., 14: 275–280.
https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/378/publikationen/hgp_umweltkosten.pdf
Fraunhofer ISE, Aktuelle Fakten zur Photovoltaik in Deutschland, 16.10.2014, S. 5.
http://reneweconomy.com.au/2013/solar-milestone-1000000-pv-systems-installed-in-australia-44201
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 47.
http://www.pv-magazine.com/news/details/beitrag/china-unveils-15-gw-solar-target_100018005/#axzz3QOkpZa5r
Житомирский С. В. Архимед: Пособие для учащихся. – М.: Просвещение, 1981. – С. 38.
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.
http://www.smartplanet.com/blog/intelligent-energy/google-cans-solar-energy-project/
IRENA (2015), Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2014, p. 99.
http://www.lazard.com/insights. Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis – Version 8.0, p. 2.
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 5.
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/may/26/solarpower-renewableenergy
Technology Roadmap. Solar Thermal Electricity, 2014 Edition, IEA, p. 23.
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.
http://landartgenerator.org/blagi/archives/127
The World Wind Energy Association (2014), 2014 Half-year Report, WWEA. p. 1–8.
http://cleantechnica.com/2015/02/10/global-wind-industry-grows-44–2014/
http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 16.
http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739
http://www.dw.de/wind-power-fuels-transition-to-renewable-energy/a-18224739
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 63.
http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2015/01/07/3608898/denmark-sets-world-record-for-wind-power/
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 58.
http://thecontributor.com/environment/how-wind-met-all-denmark%E2%80%99s-electricity-needs-90-hours
http://www.earth-policy.org/press_room/C68/wind_power_fact_sheet
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/feb/17/worlds-biggest-offshore-windfarm-approved-for-yorkshire-coast
http://www.ewea.org/wind-energy-basics/facts/
Учитываются затраты, связанные с производством, транспортировкой, установкой и последующей утилизацией. Опубликованное в 2014 г. подробное исследование двух действующих ветряных турбин на западе США показало результат 5,2 и 6,4 месяца, см.: http://www.ourenergypolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/turbines.pdf
http://awwi.org/resources/summary-of-wind-wildlife-interactions-2/#section-summary-of-windwildlife-interactions
Offshore wind in Europe / Walking the tightrope to success, EY, March 2015, p. 9.
Global potential for wind-generated electricity http://www.pnas.org/content/106/27/10933.abstract
См.: Reinventing Fire. Chelsea Green Publishing, p. 199.
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 56.
http://www.dw.de/globaler-trend-hin-zu-erneuerbarer-energie/a-16519172
http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n8/fig_tab/nclimate2269_T1.html
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2015/03/12/obama-wind-power-report-energy-department/70160824/
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 32.
Ibid., p. 18.
Medium-term renewable energy market report 2014, Executive summary, IEA, p. 13.
Wood Markets Monthly International Report, Volume 16, Number 10, December 2011-January 2012
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.
Pellet market overview report Europe. WIP renewable energies, p. 9.
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 33.
http://www.stat.fi/til/ehk/2013/ehk_2013_2014–12–10_tie_001_en.html
http://cleantechies.com/2013/11/05/more-and-more-french-households-burn-wood-for-heating/
http://www.sdw.de/waldwissen/wald-in-deutschland/waldanteil/
http://bioenergycrops.com/blog/2014/11/06/biomass-largest-plant-projected-belgium-215mw/
Renewables 2014 Global Status Report, p. 107.
http://www.iinas.org/gemis.html
http://www.depi.de/media/filebase/files/infothek/images/DEPI_Emissionsbilanz_von_Brennstoffen.jpg
Biogas Barometer, Eurobserv’er, November 2014, p. 7.
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss
http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2014/11/biogas-at-home-a-renewable-no-brainer?cmpid=rss
Ознакомительная версия.
