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Процесс превращения продукта из элитного в общедоступный. Прим. ред.
Персональный компьютер на базе процессора Intel с операционной системой Windows. Прим. ред.
Если определять комплементоров как партнеров, которые, создавая ценность, одновременно увеличивают ценность фокальной фирмы, то в анализ следует включать и поставщиков. Это важное отступление от традиционного подхода, и оно жизненно важно для определения межотраслевых угроз. Три способа, которыми комплементоры могут подорвать деятельность фокальной фирмы, подробно описаны в статье Ron Adner and Marvin Lieberman. Disruption through Complements. Strategy Science 6, no. 1 (2021): 91–109, https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/stsc.2021.0125 (открытый доступ). В статье эта логика применяется для рассмотрения возможных сценариев в транспортной экосистеме.
Этих птиц использовали для обнаружения метана и угарного газа в шахтах, поскольку канарейки погибают гораздо быстрее людей. Прим. ред.
Statista Research Department, “Sales of Digital Photo Frames in the United States from 2006 to 2010,” Statista, July 31, 2009, https://www.statista.com/statistics/191937/sales-of-digital-photo-frames-in-the-us-since-2006/.
Rick Broida, “Does It Still Make Sense to Buy a Digital Photo Frame?” cnet, May 4, 2012, https://www.cnet.com/news/does-it-still-make-sense-to-buy-a-digital-photo-frame/.
Lexmark International, Inc., 2010 Annual Report, December 31, 2010, 6, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1001288/000119312513077056/d475908d10k.htm.
“Lexmark International: Why Is a Printer Company Trying to Reduce Print?” Seeking Alpha, June 3, 2013, https://seekingalpha.com/article/1477811-Lexmark-international-why-is-a-printer-company-trying-to-reduce-print?page=2.
Acquisition price source is Bureau Van Dyke Zephyr (Lexmark acquired by consortium led by Apex Technology and PAG Asia Capital, Deal № 1909300149; accessed January 26, 2021), https://zephyr-bvdinfo-com/. Enterprise value information from S&P Capital IQ (Lexmark International, Inc. Financials, Historical Capitalization; accessed January 26, 2021), https://www.capitaliq.com/.34 if Kodak’s leadership had recognized the potential for ecosystem-based disruption: Ron Adner, “Many Companies Still Don’t Know How to Compete in the Digital Age,” Harvard Business Review, March 28, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/03/many-companies-still-dont-know-how-to-compete-in-the-digital-age.
Этот раздел написан на основе статьи Ron Adner. Many Companies Still Don’t Know How to Compete in the Digital Age. Harvard Business Review, March 28, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/03/many-companies-still-dont-know-how-to-compete-in-the-digital-age.
Tiernan Ray, “Apple, RIM: A Kodak Win Could Mean $1B Settlement, Says RBC,” Barron’s, June 23, 2011, https://www.barrons.com/articles/BL-TB-33151.
Ron Adner and Daniel Snow, “Bold Retreat: A New Strategy for Old Technologies,” Harvard Business Review 88, no. 3 (March 2010): 76–81, https://hbr.org/2010/03/bold-retreat-a-new-strategy-for-old-technologies.
Kim Brady, “Photo Printing Is on the Rise,” Digital Imaging Reporter, January 10, 2018, https://direporter.com/industry-news/industry-analysis/photo-printing-rise.
Steve Sasson (inventor of the digital camera), in discussion with the author, May 6, 2020.
Kasey Wehrum, “Special Report: Wayfair’s Road to $1 Billion,” Inc., April 3, 2012, https://www.inc.com/magazine/201204/kasey-wehrum/the-road-to-1-billion-growth-special-report.html.
Jeffrey F. Rayport, Susie L. Ma, and Matthew G. Preble, “Wayfair,” Harvard Business School, June 12, 2019, Case Study 9-819-045, 7.
Abram Brown, “How Wayfair Sells Nearly $1 Billion Worth of Sofas, Patio Chairs and Cat Playgrounds.” Forbes, April 16, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/abrambrown/2014/04/16/how-wayfair-sells-nearly-1-billion-worth-of-sofas-patio-chairs-and-cat-playgrounds/.
Alex Finkelstein, general partner at the venture firm Spark Capital, quoted in Wehrum, “Special Report: Wayfair’s Road to $1 Billion.”
Janice H. Hammond and Anna Shih, “Wayfair: Fast Furniture?” Harvard Business School, May 10, 2019, Case Study 9-618-036, 8.
Wayfair, Inc., “Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2014 Earnings Conference Call,” November 10, 2013, 2, https://s24.q4cdn.com/589059658/files/doc_financials/quaterly/2014/q3/final-111014-wayfair-inc-3q-results.pdf.
https://investor.wayfair.com/news/news-details/2017/Wayfair-Announces-First-Quarter-2017-Results/default.aspx.
Makeda Easter, “Amazon Hopes to Dominate Yet Another Market— Furniture,” Los Angeles Times, May 12, 2017, https://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-amazon-furniture-push-20170512-story.html.
Anita Balakrishnan, “Wayfair Shares Tumble amid Report of Amazon Furniture Push,” CNBC, April 24, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/24/wayfair-stock-moves-amid-report-of-amazon-competition.html.
Tyler Durden, “Wayfair Tumbles after Amazon Launches Furniture Seller Program,” Zero Hedge, April 24, 2017, https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2017-04-24/wayfair-tumbles-after-amazon-launches-furniture-seller-program.
Carl Prindle, “Amazon’s New Furniture Seller Program: What It Means for Wayfair and Furniture Retailers.” Blueport Commerce, April 28, 2017, https://www.blueport.com/blog/amazons-new-furniture-seller-program-means-wayfair-furniture-retailers/.
Chris Sweeney, “Inside Wayfair’s Identity Crisis,” Boston Magazine, October 1, 2019, https://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/2019/10/01/inside-wayfair/.
Wayfair’s quarterly sales and its market cap sales in quarters ending March 31, 2017, and September 30, 2020, were $960.8 million and $3.8 billion respectively. Market cap grew from $3.372 billion to $30.34 billion.
Steve Oblak (chief merchandising officer, Wayfair, Inc.) in discussion with the author, January 2020.
Oblak, discussion with the author.
Wayfair Inc., 2016 Annual Report, December 31, 2016, 5, https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/W/NYSE_W_2016.pdf.
Wayfair Inc., 2018 Annual Report, December 31, 2018, 4, https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReportArchive/W/NYSE_W_2018.PDF.
Wayfair’s global head of algorithms and analytics, John Kim, quoted in Suman Bhattacharyya, “How Wayfair Is Personalizing How You Buy Your Furniture Online,” Digiday, August 24, 2018, https://digiday.com/retail/wayfair-personalizing-buy-furniture-online/.
“Wayfair Launches Visual Search, Lets Shoppers Instantly Find and Shop the Styles They See and Love,” Wayfair Inc. press release, May 16, 2017, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170516005302/en/Wayfair-Launches-Visual-Search-Lets-Shoppers-Instantly.
Steve Conine, quoted in Jeff Bauter Engel, “Wayfair’s Steve Conine on the Amazon Threat, Adopting A.I. & More,” Xconomy, January 28, 2019, https://xconomy.com/boston/2019/01/07/wayfairs-steve-conine-on-the-amazon-threat-adopting-a-i-more/2/.
Charles Arthur, “Navigating Decline: What Happened to TomTom?” The Guardian, July 21, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/21/navigating-decline-what-happened-to-tomtom-satnav.
“Global Market Size of Portable Navigation Devices from 2005 to 2015,” Statista Research Department, January
