2011, https://www.statista.com/statistics/218112/forecast-of-global-pnd-market-size-since-2005/#:~:text=Forecast%3A%20global%20PND%20market%20size%202005%2D2015&text=The%20statistic%20illustrates%20the%20worldwide,be%2035%2C100%2C000%20units%20in%202015.
“Global PND Market Share 2007–2009, by Vendor,” Statista Research Department, May 24, 2010, https://www.statista.com/statistics/218080/global-market-share-of-garmin-since-2007/.
Paul Smith, “Google Maps Couldn’t Kill TomTom, Now It Is Poised for a Driverless Future,” Australian Financial Review, January 25, 2016, https://www.afr.com/technology/google-maps-couldnt-kill-tomtom-now-it-is-poised-for-a-driverless-future-20160122-gmbtzu.
“TomTom CEO Has No Regrets about Tele Atlas Buy.” Reuters, February 24, 2009, https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSWEA868520090224.
“TomTom to Buy Tele Atlas Digital Mapper,” UPI, July 23, 2007, https://www.upi.com/TomTom-to-buy-Tele-Atlas-digital-mapper/98291185220104/print.
Daniel McGinn, “Can Garmin Maintain GPS Lead?” Newsweek, November 9, 2007, https://www.newsweek.com/can-garmin-maintain-gps-lead-96469.
Keith Ito, “Announcing Google Maps Navigation for Android 2.0,” Google Official Blog, October 28, 2009, https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/10/announcing-google-maps-navigation-for.html.
Unnamed Société Générale analyst, quoted in Sarah Turner, “TomTom Stock Loses Its Way,” MarketWatch, November 23, 2009, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/tomtom-stock-loses-its-way-2009-11-22.
Arthur, “Navigating Decline: What Happened to TomTom?”
Toby Sterling, “TomTom CEO Says Its Maps Destined for Use in Self-Driving Cars,” Reuters, May 4, 2015, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tomtom-autos/tomtom-ceo-says-its-maps-destined-for-use-in-self-driving-cars-idUSKBN0NP0DZ20150504.
Management board member Alain De Taeye, quoted in Natalia Drozdiak, “TomTom Maps Out Revamp with Bet on Self-Driving Cars,” Transport Topics, September 4, 2019, https://www.ttnews.com/articles/tomtom-maps-out-revamp-bet-self-driving-cars.
TomTom, “TomTom Group Strategy,” September 24, 2019, 2, https://corporate.tomtom.com/static-files/63c51b37-d16c-40a1-9082-af7436da5bdb.
TomTom, “TomTom Group Strategy,” September 24, 2019, 4; min. 7:40 of the “enterprise” presentation transcript of capital market day, https://corporate.tomtom.com/static-files/63c51b37-d16c-40a1-9082-af7436da5bdb.
Drozdiak, “TomTom Maps Out Revamp with Bet on Self-Driving Cars.”
Ingrid Lunden, “Taylor Swift Would Have Made $6M This Year on Spotify (1989 Pulled in $12M in 1st Week),” Tech Crunch, November 11, 2014, https://techcrunch.com/2014/11/11/taylor-swift-was-on-track-to-make-6m-this-year-on-spotify-says-ceo-daniel-ek/?ga=2.253692553.1604568107.1610556440-20572455171610556440&guccounter=1.
Janko Roettgers, “Spotify Has Become the World’s Most Popular Music Streaming App,” Variety, December 1, 2015, https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/spotify-has-become-the-worlds-most-popular-music-streaming-app-1201650714/.
Matthew Johnston, “Investing in Apple Stock (AAPL).” Investopedia, October 21, 2020, https://www.investopedia.com/investing/top-companies-owned-apple/.
Micah Singleton, “Apple Pushing Music Labels to Kill Free Spotify Streaming Ahead of Beats Relaunch,” The Verge, May 4, 2015, https://www.theverge.com/2015/5/4/8540935/apple-labels-spotify-streaming.
Michael Bizzaco and Quentyn Kennemer, “Apple Music vs. Spotify,” Digital Trends, February 18, 2021, https://www.digitaltrends.com/music/apple-music-vs-spotify/.
“Spotify Technology S.A. Announces Financial Results for Fourth Quarter 2020,” Spotify Technology S.A. press release, February 3, 2021, https://investors.spotify.com/financials/press-release-details/2021/Spotify-Technology-S.A.-Announces-Financial-Results-for-Fourth-Quarter-2020/default.aspx.
Alison Wenham, “Independent Music Is a Growing Force in the Global Market,” Music Business Worldwide, July 21, 2015, https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/independent-music-is-a-growing-force-in-the-global-market/.
Paul Vidich, vice president at Warner Music, quoted in Steve Knopper, “ITunes’ 10th Anniversary: How Steve Jobs Turned the Industry Upside Down,” Rolling Stone, June 25, 2018, https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/itunes-10th-anniversary-how-steve-jobs-turned-the-industry-upside-down-68985/.
Tim Arango, “Despite iTunes Accord, Music Labels Still Fret,” New York Times, February 2, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/business/media/02apple.html.
Knopper, “ITunes’ 10th Anniversary.”
U.S. Sales Database, “U.S. Recorded Music Revenues by Format, 1973–2019,” Recording Industry Association of America, accessed February 11, 2020, https://www.riaa.com/u-s-sales-database/.
Attorney Gary Stiffelman, quoted in Jon Healey and Jeff Leeds, “Online Music Alters Industry’s Sales Pitch,” Chicago Tribune, August 27, 2018, https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-04-30-0404300079-story.html.
Paul Bond, “Warner Music Group CEO: Steve Jobs Got the Best of Us,” Hollywood Reporter, February 1, 2012, http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-apple-itunes-warner-music-group-286265.
James Sturcke, “Microsoft ‘Ends Music Download Talks,’” The Guardian, October 5, 2005, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2005/oct/05/news.microsoft.
GartnerG2 analyst Mike McGuire, quoted in Charles Duhigg, “Apple Renews 99-Cent Song Deals,” Los Angeles Times, May 3, 2006, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-may-03-fi-apple3-story.html.
Unnamed source, quoted in Glenn Peoples, “Fight between Apple and Spotify Could Change Digital Music; Labels Said to Reject Pricing below $9.99,” Billboard, March 9, 2015, https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6494979/fight-between-apple-and-spotify-could-change-digital-music-labels-said-to.
Unnamed source, quoted in Tim Ingham, “Spotify Is Out of Contract with All Three Major Labels— and Wants to Pay Them Less,” Music Business Worldwide, August 23, 2016, https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/spotify-contract-three-major-labels-wants-pay-less/.
David Lidsky, “The Definitive Timeline of Spotify’s Critic-Defying Journey to Rule Music,” Fast Company, August 13, 2018, https://www.fastcompany.com/90205527/the-definitive-timeline-of-spotifys-critic-defying-journey-to-rule-music.
Stuart Dredge, “Spotify Closes Its Direct-Upload Test for Artists,” Music Ally, July 1, 2019, https://musically.com/2019/07/01/spotify-closes-its-direct-upload-test-for-artists/.
“How Much Do Record Labels Spend on Marketing Their Artists?” Stop the Breaks, May 5, 2020, https://www.stopthebreaks.com/diy-artists/how-much-do-record-labels-spend-on-marketing-their-artists/.
Industry analyst Mark Mulligan, quoted in Charles Lane, “Spotify Goes Public Valued at Nearly $30 Billion — But Its Future Isn’t Guaranteed,” NPR, April 3, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2018/04/03/599131554/spotify-goes-public-valued-at-nearly-30-billion-but-its-future-isnt-guaranteed.
Industry analyst Mark Mulligan, quoted in Anna Nicolaou, “Revenue Streams: Spotify’s Bid to Generate a Profit,” Financial Times, March 14, 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/974206c0-2609-11e8-b27e-cc62a39d57a0.
Anna Nicolaou, “Spotify Drops Plan to Pull in Independent Artists,” Financial Times, July 3, 2019, https://www.ft.com/content/c15d5124-9d15-11e9-9c06-a4640c9feebb.
Daniel Ek, quoted in Robert Levine, “Billboard Cover: Spotify CEO Daniel Ek on Taylor Swift, His ‘Freemium’ Business Model and Why He’s Saving the Music Industry,” Billboard, June 5, 2015, https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6590101/daniel-ek-spotify-ceo-streaming-feature-tidal-apple-record-labels-taylor-swift.
Unnamed music executive, quoted in Tim Ingham, “The Major Labels Could Block Spotify’s Expansion into India Due to Direct Licensing Fallout,” Music Business Worldwide, June 15, 2018,
