neighbours that dwelt about her; from suspition, to proceed to great presumptions, seeing the death of Nurse-children and Cattell, strangely and suddenly to happen" (
Goodcole H. The wonderfull discoverie of Elizabeth Sawyer, a Witch (1621) // Early Modern Witches. P. 299–315).
"And to finde out who should bee the author of this mischiefe, an old ridiculous custome was used, which was to plucke the Thatch of her house, and to burne it, and it being so burnd, the author of such mischiefe should presently then come" (Ibid.).
"And it was observed and affirmed to the Court, that Elizabeth Sawyer would presently frequent the house of them that burnt the thatch which they pluckt of her house, and come without any sending for" (Ibid.).
"An Information was given unto him by some of her Neighbours, that this Elizabeth Sawyer had a private and strange marke on her body, by which their suspition was confirmed against her" (Ibid. P. 306).
Goodwin G. Goodcole, Henry // Dictionary of National Biography. L., 1885–1900. T. 22. P. 119.
Rowley W., Dekker T., Ford J. The Witch of Edmonton. L, 1658. Подробный разбор пьесы см.: Shokhan R.A. The Staging of Witchcraft and a "Spectacle of Strangeness". Witchcraft at Court and the Globe. L., 2014. P. 65–74.
Elmer Р. Witchcraft, Witch-Hunting, and Politics in Early Modern England. Oxford, 2016. P. 86.
"But there is one, a very remarkable thing concerning this, that was done at Saint Neotts, in Huntingtonshire, of a woman that had been searched two or three times, and not found, for they can hide their markes sometimes…. yet was still in great suspicion of many of the Townsmen to be guilty… and the rather, for that she fled… So at her returne some would swim her, and did, she swum apparently… But as I have heard, and in part from the man himself, ahere the act should be done, A Dog was seen in his yard, which a Mastie Dog would not size on" (Stearne J. Op. cit. P. 24).
Об идее общего врага, против которого объединяется община, столь характерной как для мира животных, так и для мира людей, см. подробнее: Лоренц К. Агрессия. Так называемое «зло». М., 1994. С. 80–85; Эко У. Сотвори себе врага// Эко У. Сотвори себе врага. И другие тексты по случаю / Пер. Я. Арькова, М. Визель, Е. Степанцева. М., 2014. С. 7–20.
См., к примеру: Anon. The Examination and Confession of certaine Wytches. P. 24 (обвиняемая упоминала, что молилась в церкви на латыни, что являлось признанной практикой католиков); Anon. The Examination of John Walsh (1566) // Early Modern Witches. P. 25–32 (перечень наиболее опасных католиков-колдунов, а именно пап римских).
О некоторых весьма показательных исключениях из этого правила см.: Серегина А.Ю. Указ. соч. С. 205–220.
Вплоть до XIX в. функция надзора была возложена в Англии опять-таки на местные общины, и только акт Роберта Пиля 1829 г. положил начало формированию полицейских управлений: Lyman J.L. The Metropolitan Police Act of 1829: An Analysis of Certain Events Influencing the Passage and Character of the Metropolitan Police Act in England // Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology, and Police Science. 1964. T. 55 (1). P. 141–154.
Акельев Е.В. «Сыщик из воров» Ванька Каин: анатомия «гибрида» // Ab imperio. 2018. № 3. С. 257–304.
Bentham J. Panopticon, or the Inspection-house. Containing the idea of a new principle of construction applicable to any sort of establishment, in which persons of any description are to be kept under inspection; and in particular to penitentiary-houses, prisons, houses of industry, work-houses, poor-houses, lazarettos, manufactories, hospitals, mad-houses, and schools. With a plan of management adapted to the principle. In a series of letters, written in the year 1787, from Crecheff in White Russia to a friend in England, by Jeremy Bentham of Lincolns Inn, esquire. Dublin, 1791. Подробнее о степени влияния процедуры «наблюдения» на теорию «паноптизма» Иеремии Бентама см.: Тогоева О.И. «Паноптикон» Иеремии Бентама и его возможные истоки // Уральский исторический вестник. 2022. № 3 (76). С. 15–23.
"It is obvious that, in all these instances, the more constantly the persons to be inspected are under the eyes of the persons who should inspect them, the more perfectly will the purpose of the establishment have been attained" (Bentham J. Op. cit. P. 40). "The notion, indeed, of most parents is, I believe, that children cannot be too much under the master's eye; and if man were a consistent animal, none who entertain that notion but should be fonder of the principle the farther they saw it pursued" (Ibid. P. 63).
"The proofe of the first, if no further presumptions can bee made, may cause a watchfull eye over the suspected, and doe deserve a sharpe admonition from authoritie, that the party take heede, for increasing iustly of any such, though light suspicions, for the time to come, and so to send her or him home againe, if the Law will permit. The second sort, which are great presumptions, being justified by some witnesses, are iust strong presumptions" (Bernard R. Op. cit. P. 240).
"You see, I take for granted as a matter of course, that under the necessary regulations for preventing interruption and disturbance, the doors of these establishments will be, as, without very special reasons to the contrary, the doors of all public establishments ought to be, thrown wide open to the body of the curious at
